Friday, July 4, 2025

A Book of the Seasons: July Days



A year is made up of 
a certain series and number 
of sensations and thoughts 
which have their language in nature.

Henry Thoreau, June 6, 1857



A late breeze rises
wood thrush and tanager sing
sparkling the river.  

Fine silvery light
reflecting from the blades of
miles of waving grass.

Wintergreen blossom,
pretty little chandelier,
adorns forest floor.

Waves of light and shade
over the breadth of the land
sweeping the landscape.

Shadows of pine stems
fall across the small wood path
red with pine-needles.

June grasses are past.
Now the grass turns to hay as
flowers turn to fruits.

Lilies surprise me.
Now the flowering season
has reached its height.

The moon reflected
from the rippled surface like
a stream of dollars.

Busy hummingbird
unmindful of the shower,
struck by a big drop.

Aboriginal
bream over its sandy nest
poised on waving fin.

Waving in the wind
this grass gives a purple sheen
over the meadow.

Long after starlight
high-pillared clouds of the day
reflect downy light.

Hayers rest at noon
and resume after sunset.
The Haymaker’s moon.

A fine misty rain
lies on reddish tops of grass
like morning cobwebs.

Thoughts driven inward
by clouds and trees reflected
in the still, smooth water.

Dark-blue winding stripe,
green meadow, dark-green forest,
blue dark and white sky.

Flying shore to shore,
yellowish devil's-needles
cross their Atlantic.

With midsummer heats
asters and goldenrods now,
children of the sun.

The more smothering,
furnace-like heats are begun,
and the locust days.

We see the first star 
and know not if we might have
seen it earlier.

Sun warm on my back
I turn round and shade my face -
a beautiful life.

Our fairest days born
in a fog, the season of
morning fogs arrived.

Along the river
the memory of roses -
late rose now in prime.

In low Flint's Pond Path 
goldenrod makes a thicket 
higher than my head. 

Fog rises highest
over the river and ponds
which are thus revealed.
July 25, 1852

Sun's disk round and red
seen well above horizon
through thick atmosphere.

The voice of the loon 
in the middle of the night
far over the lake.

Goldenrod, asters
grasshoppers now abundant -
cooler breezy air.

Kindred red color
of skies in the evening and
fruits in the harvest.

Grand sound of the rain
on the leaves of the forest
distant, approaching.

Thoughts of autumn and
the memory of past years
occupy my mind.
July 31, 1856



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A Book of the Seasons, by Henry Thoreau, July Days

 A Book of the Seasons, by Henry Thoreau
"A book, each page written in its own season,
out-of-doors, in its own locality."
~edited, assembled and rewritten by zphx ©  2009-2025

Saturday, June 28, 2025

A Book of the Seasons: Dogsbane and Indian hemp


 For the first time I perceive this spring
that the year is a circle.  
I would make a chart of our life,
know why just this circle of creatures completes the world.
Henry Thoreau, April 18, 1852

It would be pleasant to write
the history of one hillside for one year --
Blackberries, roses, and dogsbane
now in bloom here.

 Some years ago I sought for Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) . . . 
though I did not believe that it grew here;
 and in a day or two my eyes fell on it, aye, 
in three different places, and different varieties of it. 

 I find the dog's-bane (Apocynum androsoemifolium) bark
 not the nearly so strong as that of the A. cannabinum. 

January 19. Gather some dry water milkweed stems to compare with the materials of the bird’s nest of the 18th . . .I strip off some bark about one sixteenth of an inch wide and six inches long and, separating ten or twelve fibres from the epidermis, roll it in my fingers, making a thread about the ordinary size. This I can not break by direct pulling, and no man could. I doubt if a thread of flax or hemp of the same size could be made so strong. What an admirable material for the Indian’s fish-line. January 19,   1856

February 9. At Cambridge to-day. Dr. Harris thinks the Indians had no real hemp but their apocynum, and, he thinks, a kind of nettle, and an asclepias, etc. February 9, 1853

April 24. See a dog’s-bane with two pods open and partially curved backward on each side, but a third not yet open. This soon opens and scatters its down and seeds in my chamber. The outside is a dull reddish or mahogany-color, but the inside is a singularly polished very pale brown. The inner bark of this makes a strong twine like that of the milkweed, but there is not so much of it.  April 24, 1856

June 15Dogsbane is just ready to open. June 15, 1852

June 21.  It would be pleasant to write the history of one hillside for one year. First and last you have the colors of the rainbow and more, and the various fragrances, which it has not. Blackberries, roses, and dogsbane also are now in bloom here. June 21, 1852

June 27. The dogsbane is one of the more interesting little flowers. June 27, 1853

July 2.[DunstableWalked to and along the river and bathed in it. There were harebells, well out, and much Apocynum cannabinum, well out, apparently like ours, prevailing along the steep sandy and stony shore. A marked peculiarity in this species is that the upper branches rise above the flowers. Also get the A. androsoemifolium, quite downy beneath. July 2, 1858

July 3.  Dogsbane and Jersey tea are among the prevailing flowers now. July 3, 1853 

July 11Apocynum cannabinum, with its small white flowers and narrow sepals half as long as whole corolla, apparently two or three days. July 11, 1857

August 1. [The East Branch] I saw at the end of this carry small Apocynum cannabinum on the rocks on the rocks, also more of the spurred gentian. August 1, 1857

August 4. Cannabis sativaAugust 4, 1854

August 5. At the Assabet stone bridge, apparently freshly in flower, — though it may have been out nearly as long as the androscemifolium, — apparently the Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium (?). The tallest is four feet high. The flowers very small (hardly more than an eighth of an inch in diameter), the segments of the corolla not revolute but nearly erect. There are twenty to thirty flowers at end of a branch. The divisions of the calyx are longer than in the common, long ovate. Yet it differs from Gray's hypericifolium in having flowers rose-streaked within like the common, the cymes not shorter than the leaves, and the tube of the corolla rather longer than the divisions of the calyx. The leaves are hardly more downy or heart-shaped below than the common. Hypericifolium is a separate species in Pursh and some others. And the branches are less ascending than the common, making an angle of about 62° with the stem (the four lower), while three of the lower of a common one make an angle of 44°. August 5, 1856

August 7.  Hemp, perhaps a week. August 7, 1856

August 9Again I am surprised to see the Apocynum cannabinum close to the rock at the Island, several plants, apparently not more than ten days out; say July 25th, including the ones I saw before. The flowers of this are white, with divisions of the corolla erect or nearly so, corolla not one eighth of an inch wide, calyx-segments lanceolate, pointed, as long as the tube of the corolla. I now notice that all the branches are about equally upright, and hence the upper ones are much more upright than the upper ones of the A. andro-soemifolium. The plant is inclined to be taller and narrower than that, perhaps because it grows by water. The leaves are more oblong or lanceolate and pointed, the downiness and petioles about the same with that of the common; in this case, none heart-shaped. The one found the 5th was between this and the common, a rose-streaked one, in fact colored like the common; this, a white one with still longer calyx-segments and no heart-shaped leaves. This is rather smooth. Say, then, for that of the 5th and this, they are varieties of the A. cannabinum. August 9, 1858

August 11This side of Hubbard's Meadow Bridge . . . Cannabis sativa, apparently out. August 11, 1852

August 11Also the small rough sunflower (now abundant) and the common apocynum (also in bloom as well as going and gone to seed) are very common. August 11, 1858

August 13.  I stripped off a shred of Indian hemp bark and could not break it. It is as strong as anything of the kind I know. August 13, 1856

August 16Hemp (Cannabis sativa), said by Gray to have been introduced; not named by Bigelow. Is it not a native? August 16, 1851

August 16I find the dog's-bane (Apocynum androsoemifolium) bark not the nearly so strong as that of the A. cannabinum. August 16, 1856

August 16[Minott] used to love to hear the goldfinches sing on the hemp which grew near his gate. August 16, 1858 

August 21The prevailing conspicuous flowers at present are:
  •  The early goldenrods,
  •  tansy,
  •  the life-everlastings,
  •  flea bane (though not for its flower) . . .
  •  prunella, and dog’s-bane (getting stale), etc., etc. 
August 21, 1851

August 21. The leaves of the dogsbane are turning yellow.  August 21, 1852

August 28.  Hemp still in blossom.  August 28, 1852

September 2. Some years ago I sought for Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) hereabouts in vain, and concluded that it did not grow here. A month or two ago I read again, as many times before, that its blossoms were very small, scarcely a third as large as those of the common species, and for some unaccountable reason this distinction kept recurring to me, and I regarded the size of the flowers I saw, though I did not believe that it grew here; and in a day or two my eyes fell on it, aye, in three different places, and different varieties of it. September 2, 1856

September 4Indian hemp out of bloom.  September 4, 1856

September 26.. Dogsbane leaves a clear yellow. September 26, 1852


A Book of the Seasons, by Henry Thoreau
"A book, each page written in its own season,
out-of-doors, in its own locality.”
~edited, assembled and rewritten by zphx © 2009-2025

***:

notes:


All parts of the Apocynum cannabinum plant are poisonous and can cause cardiac arrest if ingested.  
Apocynum means "poisonous to dogs". The cannabinum in the scientific name and the common names Hemp Dogbane and Indian Hemp refer to its similarity to cannabis as a fiber plant.  ~ Wikipedia

Apocynum cannabinum — hemp dogbane ~ GoBotany (petals white, green-white, or yellow, not recurving at the tips, the entire flower 3-6 mm long and upright)

Apocynum androsaemifolium
— spreading dogbane ~ GoBotany (petals pink or white with pink stripes, recurving at the tips, the entire flower 6-10 mm long and nodding))

Sunday, June 8, 2025

A Book of the Seasons, The Purple Pitcher Plant


 For the first time I perceive this spring
that the year is a circle.
I would make a chart of our life,
know why just this circle of creatures
completes the world.
Henry Thoreau, April 18, 1852

At Holden's Spruce Swamp. 
The water is frozen in 
the pitcher-plant leaf 


(Sarracenia purpurea)

The petals of the sidesaddle-flower,
fully expanded, hang down. How complex it is,
what with flowers and leaves! It is a wholesome
and interesting plant to me,
the leaf especially

This swamp contains beautiful specimens of the sidesaddle-flower
(Sarracenia purpurea), better called pitcher-plant.  . . .
No plants are more richly painted and streaked
than the inside of the broad lips of these. 
Old Josselyn called this "Hollow-leaved Lavender."
No other plant, methinks, that we have is
so remarkable and singular.

May 28.  The sidesaddle-flower conspicuous, but no pollen yet. May 28, 1853

May 30. The sidesaddle-flowers . . . are just beginning to blossom. The last are quite showy flowers when the wind turns them so as to show their undersides. May 30, 1852

June 8.  Sidesaddle, apparently to-morrow (?) June 8, 1854

June 8.   The sidesaddle-flower is out, — how long? June 8, 1858

June 9. Sidesaddle, apparently a day or two; petals hang down. June 9, 1855

June 10. Sidesaddle generally out; petals hang down, apparently a day or two. It is a conspicuous flower. June 10, 1854 

June 12. The petals of the sidesaddle-flower, fully expanded, hang down. How complex it is, what with flowers and leaves! It is a wholesome and interesting plant to me, the leaf especially.June 12, 1852 

June 12. The sidesaddle-flowers are partly turned up now and make a great show, with their broad red petals flapping like saddle ears (?) June 12, 1853 

June 12. Sidesaddle flower numerously out now. June 12, 1856

August 18. We can walk across the Great Meadows now in any direction. They are quite dry. Even the pitcher-plant leaves are empty.August 18, 1854

August 21. In Hubbard's meadow, between the two woods, I can not find a pitcher-plant with any water in it. August 21, 1854 

August 22.  I find at length a pitcher-plant with a spoonful of water in it. It must be last night's dew.  It is wonderful that in all this drought it has not evaporated.  August 22, 1854

September 11. We have had no rain for a week, and yet the pitcher-plants have water in them. Are they ever quite dry? Are they not replenished by the dews always, and, being shaded by the grass, saved from evaporation.  What wells for the birds! September 11, 1851

September 27I never found a pitcher-plant without an insect in it. The bristles about the nose of the pitcher all point inward, and insects which enter or fall in appear for this reason unable to get out again. It is some obstacle which our senses cannot appreciate. Pitcher-plants more obvious now. September 27, 1851

September 28. This swamp [the spruce swamp in Conant's Grove] contains beautiful specimens of the sidesaddle-flower (Sarracenia purpurea), better called pitcher-plant.  They ray out around the dry scape and flower, which still remain, resting on rich uneven beds of a coarse reddish moss, through which the small flowered andromeda puts up, presenting altogether a most rich and luxuriant appearance to the eye. Though the moss is comparatively dry, I cannot walk without upsetting the numerous pitchers, which are now full of water, and so wetting my feet. I once accidentally sat down on such a bed of pitcher-plants, and found an uncommonly wet seat where I expected a dry one. These leaves are of various colors from plain green to a rich striped yellow or deep red. No plants are more richly painted and streaked than the inside of the broad lips of these.  Old Josselyn called this "Hollow-leaved Lavender." No other plant, methinks, that we have is so remarkable and singular.  September 28, 1851

November 9.  The pitcher plant, though a little frost-bitten and often cut off by the mower, now stands full of water in the meadows. I never found one that had not an insect in it.  November 9, 1850

November 11.  In the meadows the pitcher-plants are bright-red. November 11, 1858

November 15 The water is frozen solid in the leaves of the pitcher plants. November 15, 1857

November 16. At Holden's Spruce Swamp. The water is frozen in the pitcher-plant leaf November 16, 1852

December 31. Even the sidesaddle-flower, where it shows its head above the snow, now gray and leathery, dry, is covered beneath its cap with pretty large close-set light-brown seeds. December 31, 1859

February 11. The water in the pitcher-plant leaves is frozen, but I see none burst. They are very tightly filled and smooth, apparently stretched.  February 11, 1858

February 13.  Cafferty's Swamp. . . How often vegetation is either yellow or red! as the buds of the swamp-pink, the leaves of the pitcher-plant, etc., etc., and to-day I notice yellow-green recent shoots of high blueberry. February 13, 1858 

See also


A Book of the Seasons,   by Henry Thoreau
 "A book, each page written in its own season,
out-of-doors, in its own locality."
 ~edited, assembled and rewritten by zphx ©  2009-2025

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